This tutorial assumes you are starting fresh and have no existing Kafka or ZooKeeper data.
Since Kafka console scripts are different for Unix-based and Windows platforms, on Windows platforms use bin\windows\ instead of bin/, and change the script extension to .bat.
> tar -xzf kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0.tgz > cd kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0
Kafka uses ZooKeeper so you need to first start a ZooKeeper server if you don't already have one. You can use the convenience script packaged with kafka to get a quick-and-dirty single-node ZooKeeper instance.
> bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties [2013-04-22 15:01:37,495] INFO Reading configuration from: config/zookeeper.properties (org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.QuorumPeerConfig) ...
Now start the Kafka server:
> bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties [2013-04-22 15:01:47,028] INFO Verifying properties (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties) [2013-04-22 15:01:47,051] INFO Property socket.send.buffer.bytes is overridden to 1048576 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties) ...
Let's create a topic named "test" with a single partition and only one replica:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test
We can now see that topic if we run the list topic command:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181 test
Alternatively, instead of manually creating topics you can also configure your brokers to auto-create topics when a non-existent topic is published to.
Kafka comes with a command line client that will take input from a file or from standard input and send it out as messages to the Kafka cluster. By default, each line will be sent as a separate message.
Run the producer and then type a few messages into the console to send to the server.
> bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test This is a message This is another message
Kafka also has a command line consumer that will dump out messages to standard output.
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test --from-beginning This is a message This is another message
If you have each of the above commands running in a different terminal then you should now be able to type messages into the producer terminal and see them appear in the consumer terminal.
All of the command line tools have additional options; running the command with no arguments will display usage information documenting them in more detail.
So far we have been running against a single broker, but that's no fun. For Kafka, a single broker is just a cluster of size one, so nothing much changes other than starting a few more broker instances. But just to get feel for it, let's expand our cluster to three nodes (still all on our local machine).
First we make a config file for each of the brokers (on Windows use the copy command instead):
> cp config/server.properties config/server-1.properties > cp config/server.properties config/server-2.properties
Now edit these new files and set the following properties:
config/server-1.properties:
broker.id=1
listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9093
log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-1
config/server-2.properties:
broker.id=2
listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9094
log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-2
The broker.id property is the unique and permanent name of each node in the cluster. We have to override the port and log directory only because we are running these all on the same machine and we want to keep the brokers from all trying to register on the same port or overwrite each other's data.
We already have Zookeeper and our single node started, so we just need to start the two new nodes:
> bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server-1.properties & ... > bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server-2.properties & ...
Now create a new topic with a replication factor of three:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 3 --partitions 1 --topic my-replicated-topic
Okay but now that we have a cluster how can we know which broker is doing what? To see that run the "describe topics" command:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic my-replicated-topic Topic:my-replicated-topic PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:3 Configs: Topic: my-replicated-topic Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1,2,0 Isr: 1,2,0
Here is an explanation of output. The first line gives a summary of all the partitions, each additional line gives information about one partition. Since we have only one partition for this topic there is only one line.
Note that in my example node 1 is the leader for the only partition of the topic.
We can run the same command on the original topic we created to see where it is:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test Topic:test PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs: Topic: test Partition: 0 Leader: 0 Replicas: 0 Isr: 0
So there is no surprise there—the original topic has no replicas and is on server 0, the only server in our cluster when we created it.
Let's publish a few messages to our new topic:
> bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic my-replicated-topic ... my test message 1 my test message 2 ^C
Now let's consume these messages:
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --from-beginning --topic my-replicated-topic ... my test message 1 my test message 2 ^C
Now let's test out fault-tolerance. Broker 1 was acting as the leader so let's kill it:
> ps aux | grep server-1.properties 7564 ttys002 0:15.91 /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.8/Home/bin/java... > kill -9 7564On Windows use:
> wmic process get processid,caption,commandline | find "java.exe" | find "server-1.properties" java.exe java -Xmx1G -Xms1G -server -XX:+UseG1GC ... build\libs\kafka_2.10-0.10.2.0.jar" kafka.Kafka config\server-1.properties 644 > taskkill /pid 644 /f
Leadership has switched to one of the slaves and node 1 is no longer in the in-sync replica set:
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic my-replicated-topic Topic:my-replicated-topic PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:3 Configs: Topic: my-replicated-topic Partition: 0 Leader: 2 Replicas: 1,2,0 Isr: 2,0
But the messages are still available for consumption even though the leader that took the writes originally is down:
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --from-beginning --topic my-replicated-topic ... my test message 1 my test message 2 ^C
Writing data from the console and writing it back to the console is a convenient place to start, but you'll probably want to use data from other sources or export data from Kafka to other systems. For many systems, instead of writing custom integration code you can use Kafka Connect to import or export data.
Kafka Connect is a tool included with Kafka that imports and exports data to Kafka. It is an extensible tool that runs connectors, which implement the custom logic for interacting with an external system. In this quickstart we'll see how to run Kafka Connect with simple connectors that import data from a file to a Kafka topic and export data from a Kafka topic to a file.
First, we'll start by creating some seed data to test with:
> echo -e "foo\nbar" > test.txt
Next, we'll start two connectors running in standalone mode, which means they run in a single, local, dedicated process. We provide three configuration files as parameters. The first is always the configuration for the Kafka Connect process, containing common configuration such as the Kafka brokers to connect to and the serialization format for data. The remaining configuration files each specify a connector to create. These files include a unique connector name, the connector class to instantiate, and any other configuration required by the connector.
> bin/connect-standalone.sh config/connect-standalone.properties config/connect-file-source.properties config/connect-file-sink.properties
These sample configuration files, included with Kafka, use the default local cluster configuration you started earlier and create two connectors: the first is a source connector that reads lines from an input file and produces each to a Kafka topic and the second is a sink connector that reads messages from a Kafka topic and produces each as a line in an output file.
During startup you'll see a number of log messages, including some indicating that the connectors are being instantiated.
Once the Kafka Connect process has started, the source connector should start reading lines from test.txt and
producing them to the topic connect-test, and the sink connector should start reading messages from the topic connect-test
and write them to the file test.sink.txt. We can verify the data has been delivered through the entire pipeline
by examining the contents of the output file:
> cat test.sink.txt foo bar
Note that the data is being stored in the Kafka topic connect-test, so we can also run a console consumer to see the
data in the topic (or use custom consumer code to process it):
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic connect-test --from-beginning
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"foo"}
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"bar"}
...
The connectors continue to process data, so we can add data to the file and see it move through the pipeline:
> echo "Another line" >> test.txt
You should see the line appear in the console consumer output and in the sink file.
Kafka Streams is a client library of Kafka for real-time stream processing and analyzing data stored in Kafka brokers.
This quickstart example will demonstrate how to run a streaming application coded in this library. Here is the gist
of the WordCountDemo example code (converted to use Java 8 lambda expressions for easy reading).
KTable<String, Long> wordCounts = textLines
// Split each text line, by whitespace, into words.
.flatMapValues(value -> Arrays.asList(value.toLowerCase().split("\\W+")))
// Ensure the words are available as record keys for the next aggregate operation.
.map((key, value) -> new KeyValue<>(value, value))
// Count the occurrences of each word (record key) and store the results into a table named "Counts".
.countByKey("Counts")
It implements the WordCount algorithm, which computes a word occurrence histogram from the input text. However, unlike other WordCount examples you might have seen before that operate on bounded data, the WordCount demo application behaves slightly differently because it is designed to operate on an infinite, unbounded stream of data. Similar to the bounded variant, it is a stateful algorithm that tracks and updates the counts of words. However, since it must assume potentially unbounded input data, it will periodically output its current state and results while continuing to process more data because it cannot know when it has processed "all" the input data.
We will now prepare input data to a Kafka topic, which will subsequently be processed by a Kafka Streams application.
> echo -e "all streams lead to kafka\nhello kafka streams\njoin kafka summit" > file-input.txtOr on Windows:
> echo all streams lead to kafka> file-input.txt > echo hello kafka streams>> file-input.txt > echo|set /p=join kafka summit>> file-input.txt
Next, we send this input data to the input topic named streams-file-input using the console producer (in practice, stream data will likely be flowing continuously into Kafka where the application will be up and running):
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --create \
--zookeeper localhost:2181 \
--replication-factor 1 \
--partitions 1 \
--topic streams-file-input
> bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic streams-file-input < file-input.txt
We can now run the WordCount demo application to process the input data:
> bin/kafka-run-class.sh org.apache.kafka.streams.examples.wordcount.WordCountDemo
There won't be any STDOUT output except log entries as the results are continuously written back into another topic named streams-wordcount-output in Kafka. The demo will run for a few seconds and then, unlike typical stream processing applications, terminate automatically.
We can now inspect the output of the WordCount demo application by reading from its output topic:
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
--topic streams-wordcount-output \
--from-beginning \
--formatter kafka.tools.DefaultMessageFormatter \
--property print.key=true \
--property print.value=true \
--property key.deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer \
--property value.deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.LongDeserializer
with the following output data being printed to the console:
all 1 lead 1 to 1 hello 1 streams 2 join 1 kafka 3 summit 1
Here, the first column is the Kafka message key, and the second column is the message value, both in java.lang.String format.
Note that the output is actually a continuous stream of updates, where each data record (i.e. each line in the original output above) is
an updated count of a single word, aka record key such as "kafka". For multiple records with the same key, each later record is an update of the previous one.
Now you can write more input messages to the streams-file-input topic and observe additional messages added to streams-wordcount-output topic, reflecting updated word counts (e.g., using the console producer and the console consumer, as described above).
You can stop the console consumer via Ctrl-C.