diff --git a/spring-orm-hibernate4/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/jpa21/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java b/spring-orm-hibernate4/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/jpa21/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f295ded02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-orm-hibernate4/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/jpa21/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.orm.jpa.jpa21;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
+import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
+import javax.persistence.PersistenceContextType;
+import javax.persistence.SynchronizationType;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*;
+
+/**
+ * Copy of {@link org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceContextTransactionTests},
+ * here to be tested against JPA 2.1, including unsynchronized persistence contexts.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 4.1.2
+ */
+public class PersistenceContextTransactionTests {
+
+	private EntityManagerFactory factory;
+
+	private EntityManager manager;
+
+	private EntityTransaction tx;
+
+	private TransactionTemplate tt;
+
+	private EntityManagerHoldingBean bean;
+
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() throws Exception {
+		factory = mock(EntityManagerFactory.class);
+		manager = mock(EntityManager.class);
+		tx = mock(EntityTransaction.class);
+
+		JpaTransactionManager tm = new JpaTransactionManager(factory);
+		tt = new TransactionTemplate(tm);
+
+		given(factory.createEntityManager()).willReturn(manager);
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		bean = new EntityManagerHoldingBean();
+		PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor pabpp = new PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
+			@Override
+			protected EntityManagerFactory findEntityManagerFactory(String unitName, String requestingBeanName) {
+				return factory;
+			}
+		};
+		pabpp.postProcessPropertyValues(null, null, bean, "bean");
+
+		assertTrue(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap().isEmpty());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive());
+	}
+
+	@After
+	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+		assertTrue(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap().isEmpty());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive());
+	}
+
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManager() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManager() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx, times(2)).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager, times(2)).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedJoined() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.joinTransaction();
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager, times(2)).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedJoinedAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.joinTransaction();
+				bean.sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedJoined() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.joinTransaction();
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx, times(2)).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerUnsynchronizedJoinedAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.joinTransaction();
+				bean.extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+	}
+
+
+	public static class EntityManagerHoldingBean {
+
+		@PersistenceContext
+		public EntityManager sharedEntityManager;
+
+		@PersistenceContext(type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED)
+		public EntityManager extendedEntityManager;
+
+		@PersistenceContext(synchronization = SynchronizationType.UNSYNCHRONIZED)
+		public EntityManager sharedEntityManagerUnsynchronized;
+
+		@PersistenceContext(type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED, synchronization = SynchronizationType.UNSYNCHRONIZED)
+		public EntityManager extendedEntityManagerUnsynchronized;
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java b/spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
index 7647a6cabe..f35bc6c8a7 100644
--- a/spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
+++ b/spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * with the "unitName" attribute, or no attribute at all (for the default unit).
  * If those annotations are present with the "name" attribute at the class level,
  * they will simply be ignored, since those only serve as deployment hint
- * (as per the Java EE 5 specification).
+ * (as per the Java EE specification).
  *
  * <p>This post-processor can either obtain EntityManagerFactory beans defined
  * in the Spring application context (the default), or obtain EntityManagerFactory
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 		implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor,
 		MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered, BeanFactoryAware, Serializable {
 
-	/* Check JPA 2.1 PersistenceContext.synchronizationType attribute */
-	private static final Method synchronizationTypeAttribute =
-			ClassUtils.getMethodIfAvailable(PersistenceContext.class, "synchronizationType");
+	/* Check JPA 2.1 PersistenceContext.synchronization() attribute */
+	private static final Method synchronizationAttribute =
+			ClassUtils.getMethodIfAvailable(PersistenceContext.class, "synchronization");
 
 
 	private Object jndiEnvironment;
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 	 * for the {@link #setDefaultPersistenceUnitName default persistence unit}
 	 * will be taken (by default, the value mapped to the empty String),
 	 * or simply the single persistence unit if there is only one.
-	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE 5 environment, with all
-	 * lookup driven by the standard JPA annotations, and all EntityManagerFactory
+	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE environment, with all lookup
+	 * driven by the standard JPA annotations, and all EntityManagerFactory
 	 * references obtained from JNDI. No separate EntityManagerFactory bean
 	 * definitions are necessary in such a scenario.
 	 * <p>If no corresponding "persistenceContexts"/"extendedPersistenceContexts"
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 	 * EntityManagers built on top of the EntityManagerFactory defined here.
 	 * Note that those will be Spring-managed EntityManagers, which implement
 	 * transaction synchronization based on Spring's facilities.
-	 * If you prefer the Java EE 5 server's own EntityManager handling,
+	 * If you prefer the Java EE server's own EntityManager handling,
 	 * specify corresponding "persistenceContexts"/"extendedPersistenceContexts".
 	 */
 	public void setPersistenceUnits(Map<String, String> persistenceUnits) {
@@ -258,11 +258,11 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 	 * for the {@link #setDefaultPersistenceUnitName default persistence unit}
 	 * will be taken (by default, the value mapped to the empty String),
 	 * or simply the single persistence unit if there is only one.
-	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE 5 environment, with all
+	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE environment, with all
 	 * lookup driven by the standard JPA annotations, and all EntityManager
 	 * references obtained from JNDI. No separate EntityManagerFactory bean
 	 * definitions are necessary in such a scenario, and all EntityManager
-	 * handling is done by the Java EE 5 server itself.
+	 * handling is done by the Java EE server itself.
 	 */
 	public void setPersistenceContexts(Map<String, String> persistenceContexts) {
 		this.persistenceContexts = persistenceContexts;
@@ -279,11 +279,11 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 	 * for the {@link #setDefaultPersistenceUnitName default persistence unit}
 	 * will be taken (by default, the value mapped to the empty String),
 	 * or simply the single persistence unit if there is only one.
-	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE 5 environment, with all
+	 * <p>This is mainly intended for use in a Java EE environment, with all
 	 * lookup driven by the standard JPA annotations, and all EntityManager
 	 * references obtained from JNDI. No separate EntityManagerFactory bean
 	 * definitions are necessary in such a scenario, and all EntityManager
-	 * handling is done by the Java EE 5 server itself.
+	 * handling is done by the Java EE server itself.
 	 */
 	public void setExtendedPersistenceContexts(Map<String, String> extendedPersistenceContexts) {
 		this.extendedPersistenceContexts = extendedPersistenceContexts;
@@ -632,8 +632,8 @@ public class PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 				}
 				this.unitName = pc.unitName();
 				this.type = pc.type();
-				this.synchronizedWithTransaction = (synchronizationTypeAttribute == null ||
-						"SYNCHRONIZED".equals(ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(synchronizationTypeAttribute, pc).toString()));
+				this.synchronizedWithTransaction = (synchronizationAttribute == null ||
+						"SYNCHRONIZED".equals(ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(synchronizationAttribute, pc).toString()));
 				this.properties = properties;
 			}
 			else {
diff --git a/spring-orm/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java b/spring-orm/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d37c81359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-orm/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/support/PersistenceContextTransactionTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.orm.jpa.support;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
+import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
+import javax.persistence.PersistenceContextType;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 4.1.2
+ */
+public class PersistenceContextTransactionTests {
+
+	private EntityManagerFactory factory;
+
+	private EntityManager manager;
+
+	private EntityTransaction tx;
+
+	private TransactionTemplate tt;
+
+	private EntityManagerHoldingBean bean;
+
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() throws Exception {
+		factory = mock(EntityManagerFactory.class);
+		manager = mock(EntityManager.class);
+		tx = mock(EntityTransaction.class);
+
+		JpaTransactionManager tm = new JpaTransactionManager(factory);
+		tt = new TransactionTemplate(tm);
+
+		given(factory.createEntityManager()).willReturn(manager);
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		bean = new EntityManagerHoldingBean();
+		PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor pabpp = new PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
+			@Override
+			protected EntityManagerFactory findEntityManagerFactory(String unitName, String requestingBeanName) {
+				return factory;
+			}
+		};
+		pabpp.postProcessPropertyValues(null, null, bean, "bean");
+
+		assertTrue(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap().isEmpty());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive());
+	}
+
+	@After
+	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+		assertTrue(TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResourceMap().isEmpty());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly());
+		assertFalse(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive());
+	}
+
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManager() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithSharedEntityManagerAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.sharedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManager() {
+		given(manager.getTransaction()).willReturn(tx);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(tx, times(2)).commit();
+		verify(manager).flush();
+		verify(manager).close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testTransactionCommitWithExtendedEntityManagerAndPropagationSupports() {
+		given(manager.isOpen()).willReturn(true);
+
+		tt.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS);
+
+		tt.execute(new TransactionCallback() {
+			@Override
+			public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
+				bean.extendedEntityManager.flush();
+				return null;
+			}
+		});
+
+		verify(manager).flush();
+	}
+
+
+	public static class EntityManagerHoldingBean {
+
+		@PersistenceContext
+		public EntityManager sharedEntityManager;
+
+		@PersistenceContext(type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED)
+		public EntityManager extendedEntityManager;
+	}
+
+}