Apply consistent RuntimeHints defaults

This commit harmonizes the registration of an executable so that
the default method and the method that takes an empty customizer
produces the same hint. The same applies to the readable flag of
a field hint.

Rather than returning a list of executable modes, the "highest" mode
is retained.

See gh-29011

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/InstanceSupplierCodeGeneratorTests.java

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class InstanceSupplierCodeGeneratorTests {
 	}
 
 	private ThrowingConsumer<ExecutableHint> hasMode(ExecutableMode mode) {
-		return hint -> assertThat(hint.getModes()).containsExactly(mode);
+		return hint -> assertThat(hint.getMode()).isEqualTo(mode);
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests.java

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 					assertThat(typeHint.getType()).isEqualTo(TypeReference.of(SampleClassWithGetter.class));
 					assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 						assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("getName");
-						assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+						assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 					});
 				});
 	}
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public class BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 					assertThat(typeHint.getType()).isEqualTo(TypeReference.of(SampleClassWithSetter.class));
 					assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 						assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
-						assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+						assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 					});
 				});
 	}
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ public class BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 					assertThat(typeHint.methods()).satisfiesExactlyInAnyOrder(
 							methodHint -> {
 								assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setNames");
-								assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+								assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 							},
 							methodHint -> {
 								assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("getNames");
-								assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+								assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 							});
 				});
 	}
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public class BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 					assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(
 							methodHint -> {
 								assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("getResolvableType");
-								assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+								assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 							});
 				});
 	}
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public class BindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 					assertThat(typeHint.getType()).isEqualTo(TypeReference.of(SampleRecord.class));
 					assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 						assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("name");
-						assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+						assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 					});
 				});
 	}

spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/aot/KotlinBindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests.kt

@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ class KotlinBindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 				assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement()
 					.satisfies(ThrowingConsumer { methodHint: ExecutableHint ->
 						assertThat(methodHint.name).isEqualTo("getName")
-						assertThat(methodHint.modes)
-							.containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
+						assertThat(methodHint.mode).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
 					})
 			},
 			ThrowingConsumer { typeHint: TypeHint ->
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class KotlinBindingReflectionHintsRegistrarTests {
 				assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement()
 					.satisfies(ThrowingConsumer { methodHint: ExecutableHint ->
 						assertThat(methodHint.name).isEqualTo("serializer")
-						assertThat(methodHint.modes).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
+						assertThat(methodHint.mode).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
 					})
 			})
 	}

spring-core-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/agent/InstrumentedMethodTests.java

@@ -152,14 +152,14 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		@Test
 		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchInstrospectConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withConstructor(Collections.emptyList(),
-					constructorHint -> constructorHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
+					constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetConstructor);
 		}
 
 		@Test
 		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchInvokeConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withConstructor(Collections.emptyList(),
-					constructorHint -> constructorHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
+					constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetConstructor);
 		}
 
@@ -202,14 +202,14 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		@Test
 		void classGetDeclaredConstructorShouldMatchInstrospectConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withConstructor(TypeReference.listOf(byte[].class, byte.class),
-					constructorHint -> constructorHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
+					constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETDECLAREDCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetDeclaredConstructor);
 		}
 
 		@Test
 		void classGetDeclaredConstructorShouldMatchInvokeConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withConstructor(TypeReference.listOf(byte[].class, byte.class),
-					constructorHint -> constructorHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
+					constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETDECLAREDCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetDeclaredConstructor);
 		}
 
@@ -378,14 +378,14 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		@Test
 		void classGetMethodShouldMatchIntrospectMethodHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint ->
-					typeHint.withMethod("toString", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> methodHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
+					typeHint.withMethod("toString", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHOD, this.stringGetToStringMethod);
 		}
 
 		@Test
 		void classGetMethodShouldMatchInvokeMethodHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint ->
-					typeHint.withMethod("toString", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> methodHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
+					typeHint.withMethod("toString", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHOD, this.stringGetToStringMethod);
 		}
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/ExecutableHint.java

@@ -19,12 +19,9 @@ package org.springframework.aot.hint;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
 
-import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
 /**
  * A hint that describes the need for reflection on a {@link Method} or
@@ -37,13 +34,13 @@ public final class ExecutableHint extends MemberHint {
 
 	private final List<TypeReference> parameterTypes;
 
-	private final List<ExecutableMode> modes;
+	private final ExecutableMode mode;
 
 
 	private ExecutableHint(Builder builder) {
 		super(builder.name);
 		this.parameterTypes = List.copyOf(builder.parameterTypes);
-		this.modes = List.copyOf(builder.modes);
+		this.mode = (builder.mode != null ? builder.mode : ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -75,11 +72,11 @@ public final class ExecutableHint extends MemberHint {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Return the {@linkplain ExecutableMode modes} that apply to this hint.
+	 * Return the {@linkplain ExecutableMode mode} that apply to this hint.
 	 * @return the modes
 	 */
-	public List<ExecutableMode> getModes() {
-		return this.modes;
+	public ExecutableMode getMode() {
+		return this.mode;
 	}
 
 
@@ -92,7 +89,8 @@ public final class ExecutableHint extends MemberHint {
 
 		private final List<TypeReference> parameterTypes;
 
-		private final Set<ExecutableMode> modes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+		@Nullable
+		private ExecutableMode mode;
 
 
 		Builder(String name, List<TypeReference> parameterTypes) {
@@ -101,12 +99,14 @@ public final class ExecutableHint extends MemberHint {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Add the specified {@linkplain ExecutableMode mode} if necessary.
-		 * @param mode the mode to add
+		 * Specify that the {@linkplain ExecutableMode mode} is required.
+		 * @param mode the required mode
 		 * @return {@code this}, to facilitate method chaining
 		 */
 		public Builder withMode(ExecutableMode mode) {
-			this.modes.add(mode);
+			if (this.mode == null || !this.mode.includes(mode)) {
+				this.mode = mode;
+			}
 			return this;
 		}
 
@@ -114,11 +114,15 @@ public final class ExecutableHint extends MemberHint {
 		 * Set the {@linkplain ExecutableMode modes} to use.
 		 * @param modes the mode to use
 		 * @return {@code this}, to facilitate method chaining
+		 * @deprecated only a single mode can be set, use {@link #withMode(ExecutableMode)} instead
 		 */
+		@Deprecated
 		public Builder setModes(ExecutableMode... modes) {
-			this.modes.clear();
-			if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(modes)) {
-				this.modes.addAll(Arrays.asList(modes));
+			if (modes.length > 1) {
+				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+			}
+			if (modes.length == 1) {
+				withMode(modes[0]);
 			}
 			return this;
 		}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/ExecutableMode.java

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package org.springframework.aot.hint;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
 
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+
 /**
  * Represent the need of reflection for a given {@link Executable}.
  *
@@ -37,4 +39,13 @@ public enum ExecutableMode {
 	 */
 	INVOKE;
 
+	/**
+	 * Specify if this mode already includes the specified {@code other} mode.
+	 * @param other the other mode to check
+	 * @return {@code true} if this mode includes the other mode
+	 */
+	boolean includes(@Nullable ExecutableMode other) {
+		return (other == null || this.ordinal() >= other.ordinal());
+	}
+
 }

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/FieldHint.java

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package org.springframework.aot.hint;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+
 /**
  * A hint that describes the need of reflection on a {@link Field}.
  *
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ public final class FieldHint extends MemberHint {
 
 	private FieldHint(Builder builder) {
 		super(builder.name);
-		this.allowWrite = builder.allowWrite;
+		this.allowWrite = (builder.allowWrite != null) ? builder.allowWrite : true;
 		this.allowUnsafeAccess = builder.allowUnsafeAccess;
 	}
 
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@ public final class FieldHint extends MemberHint {
 
 		private final String name;
 
-		private boolean allowWrite;
+		@Nullable
+		private Boolean allowWrite;
 
 		private boolean allowUnsafeAccess;
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/ReflectionHints.java

@@ -165,8 +165,7 @@ public class ReflectionHints {
 	 * @return {@code this}, to facilitate method chaining
 	 */
 	public ReflectionHints registerConstructor(Constructor<?> constructor) {
-		return registerConstructor(constructor, constructorHint ->
-				constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+		return registerConstructor(constructor, constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/annotation/SimpleReflectiveProcessor.java

@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
-import org.springframework.aot.hint.ExecutableHint.Builder;
-import org.springframework.aot.hint.ExecutableMode;
 import org.springframework.aot.hint.ReflectionHints;
 
 /**
@@ -36,8 +33,6 @@ import org.springframework.aot.hint.ReflectionHints;
  */
 public class SimpleReflectiveProcessor implements ReflectiveProcessor {
 
-	private static final Consumer<Builder> INVOKE_EXECUTABLE = hint -> hint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
-
 	@Override
 	public void registerReflectionHints(ReflectionHints hints, AnnotatedElement element) {
 		if (element instanceof Class<?> type) {
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ public class SimpleReflectiveProcessor implements ReflectiveProcessor {
 	 * @param constructor the constructor to process
 	 */
 	protected void registerConstructorHint(ReflectionHints hints, Constructor<?> constructor) {
-		hints.registerConstructor(constructor, INVOKE_EXECUTABLE);
+		hints.registerConstructor(constructor);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -87,7 +82,7 @@ public class SimpleReflectiveProcessor implements ReflectiveProcessor {
 	 * @param method the method to process
 	 */
 	protected void registerMethodHint(ReflectionHints hints, Method method) {
-		hints.registerMethod(method, INVOKE_EXECUTABLE);
+		hints.registerMethod(method);
 	}
 
 }

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/predicate/ReflectionHintsPredicates.java

@@ -263,11 +263,11 @@ public class ReflectionHintsPredicates {
 		 * and the configured {@code ExecutableMode} is compatibe
 		 */
 		static boolean includes(ExecutableHint hint, String name,
-				List<TypeReference> parameterTypes, List<ExecutableMode> executableModes) {
+				List<TypeReference> parameterTypes, ExecutableMode executableModes) {
 			return hint.getName().equals(name)
 					&& hint.getParameterTypes().equals(parameterTypes)
-					&& (hint.getModes().contains(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
-					|| !executableModes.contains(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+					&& (hint.getMode().equals(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)
+					|| !executableModes.equals(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public class ReflectionHintsPredicates {
 						List<TypeReference> parameters = Arrays.stream(this.executable.getParameterTypes())
 								.map(TypeReference::of).toList();
 						return includes(executableHint, "<init>",
-								parameters, List.of(this.executableMode));
+								parameters, this.executableMode);
 					});
 		}
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ public class ReflectionHintsPredicates {
 						List<TypeReference> parameters = Arrays.stream(this.executable.getParameterTypes())
 								.map(TypeReference::of).toList();
 						return includes(executableHint, this.executable.getName(),
-								parameters, List.of(this.executableMode));
+								parameters, this.executableMode);
 					});
 		}
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/nativex/ReflectionHintsWriter.java

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ class ReflectionHintsWriter {
 
 	private void handleExecutables(Map<String, Object> attributes, List<ExecutableHint> hints) {
 		addIfNotEmpty(attributes, "methods", hints.stream()
-				.filter(h -> h.getModes().contains(ExecutableMode.INVOKE) || h.getModes().isEmpty())
+				.filter(h -> h.getMode().equals(ExecutableMode.INVOKE))
 				.map(this::toAttributes).toList());
 		addIfNotEmpty(attributes, "queriedMethods", hints.stream()
-				.filter(h -> h.getModes().contains(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT))
+				.filter(h -> h.getMode().equals(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT))
 				.map(this::toAttributes).toList());
 	}
 

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/ExecutableModeTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aot.hint;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link ExecutableMode}.
+ *
+ * @author Stephane Nicoll
+ */
+class ExecutableModeTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void invokeIncludesNullMode() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INVOKE.includes(null)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void invokeIncludesIntrospect() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INVOKE.includes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void invokeIncludesIncludes() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INVOKE.includes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void introspectIncludesNullMode() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT.includes(null)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void introspectIncludesIntrospect() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT.includes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void introspectDoesNotIncludeInvoke() {
+		assertThat(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT.includes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)).isFalse();
+	}
+
+}

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/ReflectionHintsTests.java

@@ -121,14 +121,46 @@ class ReflectionHintsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void registerField() {
+	void registerFieldAllowsWriteByDefault() {
 		Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(TestType.class, "field");
 		assertThat(field).isNotNull();
 		this.reflectionHints.registerField(field);
+		assertTestTypeFieldHint(fieldHint -> {
+			assertThat(fieldHint.getName()).isEqualTo("field");
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowWrite()).isTrue();
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowUnsafeAccess()).isFalse();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerFieldWithEmptyCustomizerAppliesConsistentDefault() {
+		Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(TestType.class, "field");
+		assertThat(field).isNotNull();
+		this.reflectionHints.registerField(field, fieldHint -> {});
+		assertTestTypeFieldHint(fieldHint -> {
+			assertThat(fieldHint.getName()).isEqualTo("field");
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowWrite()).isTrue();
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowUnsafeAccess()).isFalse();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerFieldWithCustomizerAppliesCustomization() {
+		Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(TestType.class, "field");
+		assertThat(field).isNotNull();
+		this.reflectionHints.registerField(field, fieldHint ->
+				fieldHint.allowWrite(false).allowUnsafeAccess(true));
+		assertTestTypeFieldHint(fieldHint -> {
+			assertThat(fieldHint.getName()).isEqualTo("field");
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowWrite()).isFalse();
+			assertThat(fieldHint.isAllowUnsafeAccess()).isTrue();
+		});
+	}
+
+	private void assertTestTypeFieldHint(Consumer<FieldHint> fieldHint) {
 		assertThat(this.reflectionHints.typeHints()).singleElement().satisfies(typeHint -> {
 			assertThat(typeHint.getType().getCanonicalName()).isEqualTo(TestType.class.getCanonicalName());
-			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).singleElement().satisfies(fieldHint ->
-					assertThat(fieldHint.getName()).isEqualTo("field"));
+			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).singleElement().satisfies(fieldHint);
 			assertThat(typeHint.constructors()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.methods()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.getMemberCategories()).isEmpty();
@@ -138,14 +170,38 @@ class ReflectionHintsTests {
 	@Test
 	void registerConstructor() {
 		this.reflectionHints.registerConstructor(TestType.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0]);
+		assertTestTypeConstructorHint(constructorHint -> {
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).isEmpty();
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerConstructorWithEmptyCustomizerAppliesConsistentDefault() {
+		this.reflectionHints.registerConstructor(TestType.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0],
+				constructorHint -> {});
+		assertTestTypeConstructorHint(constructorHint -> {
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).isEmpty();
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerConstructorWithCustomizerAppliesCustomization() {
+		this.reflectionHints.registerConstructor(TestType.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0],
+				constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
+		assertTestTypeConstructorHint(constructorHint -> {
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).isEmpty();
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT);
+		});
+	}
+
+	private void assertTestTypeConstructorHint(Consumer<ExecutableHint> constructorHint) {
 		assertThat(this.reflectionHints.typeHints()).singleElement().satisfies(typeHint -> {
 			assertThat(typeHint.getMemberCategories()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.getType().getCanonicalName()).isEqualTo(TestType.class.getCanonicalName());
 			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).isEmpty();
-			assertThat(typeHint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint -> {
-				assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).isEmpty();
-				assertThat(constructorHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
-			});
+			assertThat(typeHint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint);
 			assertThat(typeHint.methods()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.getMemberCategories()).isEmpty();
 		});
@@ -156,15 +212,44 @@ class ReflectionHintsTests {
 		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(TestType.class, "setName", String.class);
 		assertThat(method).isNotNull();
 		this.reflectionHints.registerMethod(method);
+		assertTestTypeMethodHints(methodHint -> {
+			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
+			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsOnly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerMethodWithEmptyCustomizerAppliesConsistentDefault() {
+		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(TestType.class, "setName", String.class);
+		assertThat(method).isNotNull();
+		this.reflectionHints.registerMethod(method, methodHint -> {});
+		assertTestTypeMethodHints(methodHint -> {
+			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
+			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsOnly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerMethodWithCustomizerAppliesCustomization() {
+		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(TestType.class, "setName", String.class);
+		assertThat(method).isNotNull();
+		this.reflectionHints.registerMethod(method, methodHint ->
+				methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
+		assertTestTypeMethodHints(methodHint -> {
+			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
+			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsOnly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT);
+		});
+	}
+
+	private void assertTestTypeMethodHints(Consumer<ExecutableHint> methodHint) {
 		assertThat(this.reflectionHints.typeHints()).singleElement().satisfies(typeHint -> {
 			assertThat(typeHint.getType().getCanonicalName()).isEqualTo(TestType.class.getCanonicalName());
 			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.constructors()).isEmpty();
-			assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
-				assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
-				assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsOnly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
-				assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
-			});
+			assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint);
 		});
 	}
 

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/TypeHintTests.java

@@ -87,12 +87,25 @@ class TypeHintTests {
 				constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)).build();
 		assertThat(hint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint -> {
 			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).containsOnlyOnceElementsOf(parameterTypes);
-			assertThat(constructorHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void createConstructorReuseBuilder() {
+		List<TypeReference> parameterTypes = TypeReference.listOf(byte[].class, int.class);
+		Builder builder = TypeHint.of(TypeReference.of(String.class)).withConstructor(parameterTypes,
+				constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
+		TypeHint hint = builder.withConstructor(parameterTypes, constructorHint ->
+				constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)).build();
+		assertThat(hint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint -> {
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactlyElementsOf(parameterTypes);
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void createConstructorReuseBuilderAndApplyExecutableModePrecedence() {
 		List<TypeReference> parameterTypes = TypeReference.listOf(byte[].class, int.class);
 		Builder builder = TypeHint.of(TypeReference.of(String.class)).withConstructor(parameterTypes,
 				constructorHint -> constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
@@ -100,7 +113,7 @@ class TypeHintTests {
 				constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)).build();
 		assertThat(hint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint -> {
 			assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactlyElementsOf(parameterTypes);
-			assertThat(constructorHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE, ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT);
+			assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -112,21 +125,35 @@ class TypeHintTests {
 		assertThat(hint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("valueOf");
 			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactlyElementsOf(parameterTypes);
-			assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void createWithMethodReuseBuilder() {
+		List<TypeReference> parameterTypes = TypeReference.listOf(char[].class);
+		Builder builder = TypeHint.of(TypeReference.of(String.class)).withMethod("valueOf", parameterTypes,
+				methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
+		TypeHint hint = builder.withMethod("valueOf", parameterTypes,
+				methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)).build();
+		assertThat(hint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
+			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("valueOf");
+			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactlyElementsOf(parameterTypes);
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void createWithMethodReuseBuilderAndApplyExecutableModePrecedence() {
 		List<TypeReference> parameterTypes = TypeReference.listOf(char[].class);
 		Builder builder = TypeHint.of(TypeReference.of(String.class)).withMethod("valueOf", parameterTypes,
 				methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		TypeHint hint = builder.withMethod("valueOf", parameterTypes,
-				methodHint -> methodHint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)).build();
+				methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)).build();
 		assertThat(hint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 			assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("valueOf");
 			assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactlyElementsOf(parameterTypes);
-			assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsOnly(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT);
+			assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 		});
 	}
 

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/annotation/SimpleReflectiveProcessorTests.java

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class SimpleReflectiveProcessorTests {
 			assertThat(typeHint.getMemberCategories()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.constructors()).singleElement().satisfies(constructorHint -> {
 				assertThat(constructorHint.getName()).isEqualTo("<init>");
-				assertThat(constructorHint.getModes()).containsExactly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+				assertThat(constructorHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 				assertThat(constructorHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
 			});
 			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).isEmpty();
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class SimpleReflectiveProcessorTests {
 			assertThat(typeHint.fields()).isEmpty();
 			assertThat(typeHint.methods()).singleElement().satisfies(methodHint -> {
 				assertThat(methodHint.getName()).isEqualTo("setName");
-				assertThat(methodHint.getModes()).containsExactly(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
+				assertThat(methodHint.getMode()).isEqualTo(ExecutableMode.INVOKE);
 				assertThat(methodHint.getParameterTypes()).containsExactly(TypeReference.of(String.class));
 			});
 		});

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/predicate/ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests.java

@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ class ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests {
 		@Test
 		void constructorInvocationDoesNotMatchConstructorHint() {
 			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.
-					withConstructor(Collections.emptyList(), constructorHint -> {}));
+					withConstructor(Collections.emptyList(), constructorHint ->
+							constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertPredicateDoesNotMatch(reflection.onConstructor(publicConstructor).invoke());
 		}
 
@@ -270,7 +271,8 @@ class ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests {
 		@Test
 		void privateConstructorInvocationDoesNotMatchConstructorHint() {
 			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint ->
-					typeHint.withConstructor(TypeReference.listOf(String.class), constructorHint -> {}));
+					typeHint.withConstructor(TypeReference.listOf(String.class), constructorHint ->
+							constructorHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertPredicateDoesNotMatch(reflection.onConstructor(privateConstructor).invoke());
 		}
 
@@ -348,14 +350,15 @@ class ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests {
 
 		@Test
 		void methodInvocationDoesNotMatchMethodHint() {
-			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("publicMethod", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> {
-			}));
+			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("publicMethod", Collections.emptyList(),
+					methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertPredicateDoesNotMatch(reflection.onMethod(SampleClass.class, "publicMethod").invoke());
 		}
 
 		@Test
 		void methodInvocationMatchesMethodInvocationHint() {
-			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("publicMethod", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
+			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("publicMethod", Collections.emptyList(),
+					methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
 			assertPredicateMatches(reflection.onMethod(SampleClass.class, "publicMethod").invoke());
 		}
 
@@ -416,8 +419,8 @@ class ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests {
 
 		@Test
 		void privateMethodInvocationDoesNotMatchMethodHint() {
-			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("privateMethod", Collections.emptyList(), methodHint -> {
-			}));
+			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withMethod("privateMethod", Collections.emptyList(),
+					methodHint -> methodHint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 			assertPredicateDoesNotMatch(reflection.onMethod(SampleClass.class, "privateMethod").invoke());
 		}
 
@@ -470,8 +473,8 @@ class ReflectionHintsPredicatesTests {
 
 		@Test
 		void fieldWriteReflectionDoesNotMatchFieldHint() {
-			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withField("publicField", fieldHint -> {
-			}));
+			runtimeHints.reflection().registerType(SampleClass.class, typeHint -> typeHint.withField("publicField",
+					fieldHint -> fieldHint.allowWrite(false)));
 			assertPredicateDoesNotMatch(reflection.onField(SampleClass.class, "publicField").allowWrite());
 		}
 

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/nativex/FileNativeConfigurationWriterTests.java

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public class FileNativeConfigurationWriterTests {
 							MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_DECLARED_METHODS,
 							MemberCategory.INVOKE_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_METHODS,
 							MemberCategory.PUBLIC_CLASSES, MemberCategory.DECLARED_CLASSES)
-					.withField("DEFAULT_CHARSET", fieldBuilder -> {})
+					.withField("DEFAULT_CHARSET", fieldBuilder -> fieldBuilder.allowWrite(false))
 					.withField("defaultCharset", fieldBuilder -> {
 						fieldBuilder.allowWrite(true);
 						fieldBuilder.allowUnsafeAccess(true);

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/nativex/ReflectionHintsWriterTests.java

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class ReflectionHintsWriterTests {
 							MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_DECLARED_METHODS,
 							MemberCategory.INVOKE_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_METHODS,
 							MemberCategory.PUBLIC_CLASSES, MemberCategory.DECLARED_CLASSES)
-					.withField("DEFAULT_CHARSET", fieldBuilder -> {})
+					.withField("DEFAULT_CHARSET", fieldBuilder -> fieldBuilder.allowWrite(false))
 					.withField("defaultCharset", fieldBuilder -> {
 						fieldBuilder.allowWrite(true);
 						fieldBuilder.allowUnsafeAccess(true);
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public class ReflectionHintsWriterTests {
 		hints.registerType(Integer.class, builder -> builder.withMethod("parseInt",
 				TypeReference.listOf(String.class), b -> b.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE)));
 		hints.registerType(Integer.class, builder -> builder.withMethod("parseInt",
-				TypeReference.listOf(String.class), b -> b.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
+				TypeReference.listOf(String.class, int.class), b -> b.withMode(ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT)));
 
 		assertEquals("""
 				[
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class ReflectionHintsWriterTests {
 						"queriedMethods": [
 							{
 								"name": "parseInt",
-								"parameterTypes": ["java.lang.String"]
+								"parameterTypes": ["java.lang.String", "int"]
 							}
 						],
 						"methods": [

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/annotation/MessageMappingReflectiveProcessor.java

@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ class MessageMappingReflectiveProcessor implements ReflectiveProcessor {
 	}
 
 	protected void registerMethodHints(ReflectionHints hints, Method method) {
-		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		registerParameterHints(hints, method);
 		registerReturnValueHints(hints, method);
 	}
 
 	protected void registerParameterHints(ReflectionHints hints, Method method) {
-		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		for (Parameter parameter : method.getParameters()) {
 			MethodParameter methodParameter = MethodParameter.forParameter(parameter);
 			if (Message.class.isAssignableFrom(methodParameter.getParameterType())) {

spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/bind/annotation/RequestMappingReflectiveProcessor.java

@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ class RequestMappingReflectiveProcessor implements ReflectiveProcessor {
 	}
 
 	protected void registerMethodHints(ReflectionHints hints, Method method) {
-		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		registerParameterHints(hints, method);
 		registerReturnValueHints(hints, method);
 	}
 
 	protected void registerParameterHints(ReflectionHints hints, Method method) {
-		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.setModes(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
+		hints.registerMethod(method, hint -> hint.withMode(ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		for (Parameter parameter : method.getParameters()) {
 			MethodParameter methodParameter = MethodParameter.forParameter(parameter);
 			if (methodParameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestBody.class) ||